I like my name. It provides a point of reference to who I am. If I am at work and someone calls for “Jason Strate”… that’s me. If I am at home, the same thing can happen and I still know that it’s me. I know that no matter where I am, my name will be a constant and it means something when it is called. Hopefully, it doesn’t mean “late to dinner”.
This same principle applies to the tables and the objects related to those tables. We give that table a name in the development environment, maybe it’s called “ZombieBaconUnicorn”. We expect that it will be called “ZombieBaconUnicorn”. Unfortunately, this doesn’t always ring true with other database objects related to tables; such as Primary Keys and Defaults Constraints.
Random Naming
There are multiple ways to create Primary Key and Default Constraints and they don’t all have an implied name. Take for instance the following script, what would you assume the names of the Primary Key and Default Constraints would be?
CREATE TABLE dbo.RandomPKandDC
(
RandomPKandDCID int IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
,Column1 datetime DEFAULT(GETDATE())
)
SELECT name FROM sys.objects
WHERE parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.RandomPKandDC')
Did you guess the following names?
No?! Run it on you machine, you’ll get your own unique names.
Non-Random Naming
Getting around the random naming is pretty simple. Below I’ll would you through the steps.
The first change is how you’ll define the PRIMARY KEY on the table with the CREATE TABLE statement. Instead of adding PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED on the column definition, add it to the table as a constraint.
CREATE TABLE dbo.NonRandomPKandDC
(
NonRandomPKandDCID int IDENTITY(1,1)
,Column1 datetime
,CONSTRAINT PK_NonRandomPKandDC_RandomPKandDCID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (NonRandomPKandDCID)
)
Next you want to use the ALTER TABLE statement to add the DEFAULT CONSTRAINT. Instead of making the default part of the column definition in the CREATE TABLE, you want to name the default as a constraint to name it as it is created.
ALTER TABLE dbo.NonRandomPKandDC ADD CONSTRAINT DF_NonRandomPKandDC_Column1
DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [Column1]
Take a look at the results of the next query:
SELECT name FROM sys.objects
WHERE parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.NonRandomPKandDC')
On your server and mine the objects will have the same name. When you deploy objects build from T-SQL like this from development to test to production they will have the same names.
What the!?
Now there isn’t anything wrong with these random names from the perspective of how your database will perform. But it will hose up things such as database comparisons and investigating errors.
With database comparisons, the issue is pretty obvious. If the contents of the object are the same but the name is different then it isn’t the exact same object. Many tools have options for ignoring these names, but there are some that don’t. Even when the tool has the option to ignore, you will need to rely on the operator of the tool to disable the feature.
Looking now at investigating errors, I am a big fan of errors that can tell me the problem within the database. Which of the following is easier to understand. The first with the random name:
Msg 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 2
Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint ‘PK__RandomPKandDC__5D60DB10′. Cannot insert duplicate key in object ‘dbo.RandomPKandDC’.
The statement has been terminated.
Or the second with the stated name:
Msg 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 2
Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint ‘PK_NonRandomPKandDC_RandomPKandDCID’. Cannot insert duplicate key in object ‘dbo.NonRandomPKandDC’.
The statement has been terminated.
Ok, maybe this isn’t the best example of this type of issue, but it does tell me exactly the issue and because I named the object explicitly I know where the problem is and something about the issue before digging into the schema of the table.
Overall, this is about reducing pain points in building and using your databases. The easier it is to manage them once they are deployed, the more Bejeweled Blitz you can play on Facebook between your projects.
Renaming the Objects
Maybe I’ve sold you on this idea. If so, you may be thinking “What the heck do you do with all of my existing databases objects?” That answer is simple… rename them. Since the names of these objects isn’t tied to how they are defined, you can easily get them renamed with sp_rename.
The following two scripts are what I use to rename PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINTS and DEFAULT CONSTRAINTS.
This first one will provide sp_rename statements that you can execute to rename all of your PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINTS:
;WITH PKNames
AS (
SELECT name AS IndexName
,OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS TableName
,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(object_id) as SchemaName
,(SELECT '' + c.name
FROM sys.index_columns ic
INNER JOIN sys.columns c
ON ic.object_id = c.object_id
AND ic.index_column_id = c.column_id
WHERE ic.object_id = i.object_id
AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
AND ic.is_included_column = 0
ORDER BY ic.key_ordinal
FOR XML PATH('')) AS Columns
FROM sys.indexes i
WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1
)
SELECT 'EXEC sp_rename ''' + QUOTENAME(SchemaName) + '.' + QUOTENAME(IndexName) + ''', ''PK_' + TableName + '_' + Columns + ''''
FROM PKNames
WHERE IndexName <> 'PK_' + TableName + '_' + Columns
The second one will provide sp_rename statements that you can execute to rename all of your DEFAULT CONSTRAINTS:
SELECT 'EXEC sp_rename ''' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(dc.parent_object_id)) + '.'
+ QUOTENAME(dc.name) + ''', ''DF_' + OBJECT_NAME(dc.parent_object_id) + '_' + c.name + ''''
FROM sys.default_constraints dc
INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON dc.parent_object_id = c.object_id AND dc.parent_column_id = c.column_id
WHERE dc.name <> 'DF_' + OBJECT_NAME(dc.parent_object_id) + '_' + c.name
Hopefully these can be helpful for you as well.
Conclusion
In a roundabout way, this post has been about naming conventions. Make the world a prettier place by having a convention on naming the objects in your database.
Last word… don’t just run out and use this in your production database without doing your own testing and promoting using your own company’s deployment process. An obvious statement but one that I thought I should point out since I know how tempting this can be.
EDIT 2010/05/27: Modified scripts to account for schema variations.
July 28, 2010
Categories: DBA, PASS, Performance Tuning, Presentation, SQL Server, SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2
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Tags: DBA, PASS, Performance Tuning, Presentation, SQL Server, SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2
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